Aditya Upadhyay ¹, Manoj Sindhwani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To improve in the MAC protocol channel sensing mechanism for data transmission from source to destination to improve the throughput and overcome the delay of the network. Methods: High degree algorithm is proposed for selection of the Cluster Head under MAC protocol. We have compared the prediction-based algorithm and high degree algorithm with throughput, delay, packet loss, jitter and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Findings: Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is the self-organizing type of network and a subclass of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), in which vehicular nodes can move or leave the network when they want. Due to decentralized nature of VANET, security, routing and Quality of Services are major issues which arise in the network and leads to increase the delay with continuously link break in the communication of vehicular nodes. Medium Access Control (MAC), layer helps in the fast transmission of the packets from one node to another. Therefore, the technique of MAC protocol works on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) packets which will increase the routing overhead due to the extra exchange of packets in the network. So to overcome this issue, we have designed high degree algorithm and compared with prediction based algorithm using the time constraints of throughput, delay, packet loss, jitter and PDR which conclude that the high degree algorithm is better than prediction based algorithm. Improvements: Throughput, PDR, jitter, packet loss and delay are compared and the result shows improvement using high degree algorithm rather than prediction based algorithm.

Keywords

High Degree Algorithm, Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, Prediction based Algorithm, Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET).

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Nitish Kumar Bharti ¹, Manoj Sindhwani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar -144411, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar -144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

VANET is subpart of MANET and the significance and popularity of VANET are increasing now a day because of their great contribution to improving traffic efficiency and safety. However, communication between two or more vehicles or with RSUs needs to be secured as well as authenticated. We have focused on to reduce the authentication time, that’s why we used the proxy vehicle which is verified by both RSU and CA; proxy vehicle will do half of the authentication process and reduce the authentication time. The simulation results show that proposed approach minimizes the authentication time, delay, packet loss due to the collision of the packet in the network and also increase the overall throughput of the network. In this paper, we also discussed the Elliptic Curve Cryptography algorithm (ECC) approach which uses the vehicle ID, a randomly generated prime number and time stamp to encrypt the message in a secure manner. As a result the whole VANET network will be secured and faster in handling the congestion during peak hours.

Keywords

Certificate Authority (CA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Proxy-Based Authentication scheme (PBAS), Road Side Unit (RSU).

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Komal Arora ¹, Shippu Sachdeva ¹, Manoj Sindhwani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab – 144411, IN

Abstract

In today’s era of wireless and mobile communication, there is unaccustomed increase in number of subscribers which has led to demand of higher data rates. To support higher data rates, enormous bandwidth is required. As the spectrum is limited, problem of bandwidth scarcity has come into picture. Various techniques have been devised to resolve this problem. Cognitive Radio is one of them. Cognitive radio is the name given to the technology which senses the spectrum of primary users and allow the secondary users to send the data if primary users are not sending. Spectrum sensing is the major challenge of CR systems. This paper focuses on the challenges involved in CR systems and various spectrum sensing techniques.

Keywords

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), Cognitive Radio (CR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

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Nitish Kumar Bharti ¹, Manoj Sindhwani ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE),Lovely Professional University, Phagwara – 144411, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The significance and popularity of VANET is increasing nowadays because of their great contribution in improving traffic efficiency and safety. We present an authentication and verification scheme of the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks VANET for the low as well as high traffic conditions. However, communication between two or more vehicles or with RSUs needs to be secure as well as authenticated. In this paper we will discuss the Elliptic Curve Cryptography Algorithm (ECC) approach which uses the vehicle ID, a random generated prime number and time stamp to encrypt the message in a secure manner. Our main focus is to reduce the authentication time; therefore we have used the proxy vehicle which is verified by both RSU and CA and they will do half of the authentication process and decrease the authentication time. In this paper we have taken the parameters of packet loss, delay and throughput and compared the proposed approach for the low traffic conditions and also for high traffic conditions. So the result shows that the proposed scheme provides high quality of message authentications in less time period on both the traffic conditions without affecting the overall security of VANET.

Keywords

Certificate Authority (CA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Proxy Based Authentication Scheme (PBAS), Road Side Unit (RSU).

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